英文版本,请见下方。 我已有多年管理人员、指导他们工作、引导他们的职业生涯,并向世界上最前沿的职业高手们学习的经验,现在我可以自信地与大家分享获得工作满意度的五个要素:
1.兴趣——你对什么工作有激情
2.人格类型——你的大脑是如何连接到一起的
3.价值观——什么东西能在你的生活中获得优先地位
4.技巧——你的能力、天赋才智
5.区分物——什么使你与别人与众不同
发现或创造最适合你的职业,然后学习在这一职业中获得成功,这其中涉及一个自我发现和自我意识的过程。
美国顶尖学大学普林斯顿大学认为“自我意识”是成功的关键,他们把这一点纳入到企业家的研究生课程中。
事实是,太多人几乎是非常偶然地踏入他们现在从事的职业。通常,这会导致人们遭遇大量的职业挫折,并无法获得成功。
我询问前来进行职业咨询的客户,问他们是如何进入他们目前的工作,或者为什么他们选择自己的大学专业,大多数人告诉我,他们踏入自己的职业前没有进行太多的思考。直到过了一段时间后,他们才意识到他们并不满意自己的职业。
挫折、尝试、错误对某些人而言确实有效。我不否认这一点。但花一点点时间,发掘自己的职业方向,这可以使人从对自己的工作充满怨恨转向获得工作满意度。
对此我没有进行过统计,但我认为,完全依靠尝试和错误的人与寻找到自己真正的职业方向的人相比,后者对职业的满意度更高。
找到真正的职业方向并不一定依赖于运气和错误。你可以选择一条更为直接的路径,一条风险更少、更为确定、使你更快实现目标的路径。
下面介绍的工具都能为了帮助你更好地了解自己,筑造自己的职业生涯,并走上一条能取得成功、获得工作满意度的道路。
当然,能有一点运气再好不过,过程中也总是会有一些尝试和错误。但没有什么能比知道完全了解自己,从而指导自己的命运来得更好。
(1)兴趣——你对什么工作有激情 做你能够产生激情、感到兴奋的工作,这可能是为自己创造完美职业生涯最关键的一点。
当你能享受你在做的任务、做的这种工作,那么你真的不会觉得自己是在工作。例如,我对所做的工作极其有激情。我通常每周工作6天半,从早忙到晚,但我仍然喜欢它。我睡觉时还想着明天还有什么事情可以实现。当我醒来时,我等不及要开始工作。但是,一开始我也一无所知,后来进行了严肃的自我反省后,才定下这份工作。那时候对我想要的职位还没有招聘信息,当时我也不知道有哪个榜样可以让我学习。
不是每个人都需要从零起步,创造自己的职业的。大多数人只需从广泛的现有职业中,选择一个正确的职业。
你需要进行大约一万小时的实践和经验,才能真正成为某方面的行家。这大约要花费5至8年。因此,要想成为你这一职业的能手,你必须足够喜欢它,愿意花费时间和精力。
如何知道你对哪种类型的工作感兴趣?尝试和错误的确有效,但它需要花费很长的时间——可能会花费几年时间。幸运的是,你可以进行测试(评估),这将帮助你识别你可能热爱的职业。这些评估仅需花费20分钟。
下面列出的两种基于兴趣的职业测试(职业评估)会给你灵感,给你匹配感兴趣的职业。它们会给你列出符合你兴趣的职业,还会给你列出你可能希望回避的职业。
两种评估都基于约翰•霍兰博士的先驱努力,他开发RIASEC系统,可以用来了解不同类型的工作。这两种评估都将描述RIASEC系统,所以此处我不进行详述。
这两种评估会给你霍兰代码,它是2至3个字母的代码,告诉你你对哪些类型的职业最感兴趣。
一旦你知道你的霍兰代码,你就可以看任何职业,判断它是否可能适合你。
顺便说一句,没有一种职业测试能告诉你单一一个最适合你的职业。它不会这样。你会从一列相匹配的职业开始,然后将这些列表缩小到几个选择,接着研究这些选择。
职业兴趣测试(CiT®) 这是基于我们兴趣的职业测试(职业测评)。自2000年推出它以来,它一直是我们最畅销的产品。
除了给你提供霍兰代码、匹配的职业列表和避免的职业列表,报告还会向你将解释如何将职业列表缩小至最有可能的前3种职业,以及如何最终决定你的职业,或选择哪个专业。我们会给你提供一个行之有效的方法,使你作出最终的职业选择决定。
CiT对13岁至60岁及以上的人都有效。它非常简单,只要高中阅读水平即可完成。
我们建议人们从进行CIT测试开始,然后如果需要更深入的了解,再转向斯特朗职业兴趣量表。
斯特朗职业兴趣量表® 斯特朗职业兴趣量表是一种行业标准兴趣评估,它能确定你的兴趣所在,并提供匹配职业建议。它同样适用霍兰代码方法。除此之外,它还吸取了斯坦福大学斯特朗博士的研究。
斯特朗博士测试了从事几个不同的职业的成千上万的人(斯特朗于2012年更新了几个新的职业)。测试对象都满意他们所从事的工作。所以,当你进行斯特朗测试时,你会看到你和喜欢自己职业的人的比较。
测试报告非常复杂,包含几个图表和统计数据。
斯特朗适用于18岁及以上人群。
提供斯特朗测试的人必须经过培训和认证。我们就经过了培训和认证。斯特朗测试通过快速的电话说明进行。
哪种兴趣评估最适合你? 坦率地说,有些人喜欢CiT,因为它简单,且能指导你如何研究职业,以及如何作出最后的职业决定。
其他人更喜欢斯特朗,因为它有数据、图表和统计数据。
(2)“人格”和你的职业生涯有什么关系? 当你第一次听说“人格类型”这一术语时,它可能使你想到“电视人物”,或高中时代个性出众,很受欢迎的人物。但这不是我们所要讨论的。
“人格类型”是“心理类型”中常见术语,它描述我们的大脑是如何进行联系、如何运作,大脑中的每部分擅长做什么,我们为何会喜欢做某些事情,过某种生活。
人格类型是选择正确职业,发展自我意识最有用的工具之一。
麦尔斯—布瑞格斯®的16种心理类型
人格类型在选择职业生涯有价值的部分原因是,已有超过70年的研究,它可显示哪种人格类型适合哪种职业。
到亚马逊上搜索“人格类型”,这一主题下的结果中有超过200本好书。
尽管最初的人格类型理论是由瑞士心理学家荣格在1920年提出的,设计了4字母的性格类型的代码的是迈尔斯和布瑞格斯,现今它非常受欢迎。他们最初的动机是为了理解为什么某些性格类型比其他类型更适合某些工作。
他们在二战期间做了许多工作,因为当时士兵都上了战场,许多职位招不到人,却很难填补上空缺。所以,迈尔斯和布瑞格斯想要设计一种系统,使他们观察和评估人们,然后给他们建议可能希望从事的工作。
那这种人格类型究竟是什么? 人们拥有16种完全不同的认知功能,即看待世界、进行思考、做出决定、喜欢哪种生活的模式。
我喜欢把这16种人格类型中的每一个比作在我们的头脑后面运行一个小计算机程序。我们每人都有一个程序。它描述了我们的天性。它并没有决定权,我们能控制住它。但它时时刻刻都在指导我们的行为。
最令人惊讶的是,你的4字母人格类型一生都会保持不变,即使你不断成长,不断成熟,这一人格仍保持不变。
人生中有极少数事情可以保持不变,可以信赖多年。因此花一点时间去找出你的类型,你周围的人的类型是有意义的。
免责声明 人格类型并不是一门准确的科学,有时很难确定哪种模式最适合某人。
生活经历、教育背景、工作环境和童年生长经历,都在调整我们的“学习行为”,这些都会凌驾于我们的核心人格类型。因此,需要花费一些努力,透过我们学习到的行为,深入到每个人的核心人格类型。
这是否意味着有这个星球上超过70亿的人口只有16种人格类型? 是的。在这个星球上有超过70亿的人口,当然也有超过70亿的独特人格。但是,如果你深入到每个人的核心,他们都是16种人格类型的某一种。不开玩笑。
这怎么可能?因为荣格发现,这些认知功能是我们的大脑中的基本构建块。我们都有这些认知功能。人与人之间的差异就是我们对它们的使用程度。当将我们从生活经验中学到的行为纳入考虑范围,你就可以得到70亿种独特的个性,他们都是16种人格类型的某一种。
无论你是出生在中国、印度、加拿大、英国或美国都不要紧。你的核心仍然是这16种中的某一种。
但我不相信你——我是怀疑论者 多年以来,人格类型只是一种由大量研究和观察到的数据作后盾的理论,但没有实体证据。然而,自2000年起,事情有所改变。研究人员已经发现16种人格类型中的每一种和大脑中神经化学物质浓度的联系。因此,每种人格类型相对于其他类型,在大脑中具有稍微不同神经化学物质。
证据不止于此。在2011年出版的图书《人格神经科学》中,加州大学洛杉矶分校的达里•奥纳迪博士通过将EEG电极测试受被试者头部,发现16种人格类型中的每一种使用大脑的模式,和其它15种使用大脑的模式不同。
为何要使用人格类型? 如果你不是一个心理学家,为什么你要关心人格类型?因为无数数据表明,16种人格类型会更偏向哪些职业。如同兴趣测试一样,了解你的4字母人格类型代码可以你指出职业选择,这些职业这已经被证明非常适合你。
人格类型是决定一个人的职业生涯的一个很好的起点。它不是最终的决定因素。这只是一个已经被证明对其他人有效的工具。
我使用人格类型已有足够长的时间,当我有一个前来进行职业咨询的新客户,我通常可以看看他们的简历和他们的4字母的人格类型代码和,相当准确猜出他们喜欢或不喜欢的工作。如果他们在从事与性格类型不同的职业,我可以看到潜在的冲突。甚至在我和他们谈话之前,我就可以知道这一切。我要说,我指导的客户中,约有75%适用于这种方式。
了解你的人格类型,以及它和他人的人格类型有什么不同,这能提高你的自我意识,了解什么职业或什么类型的工作会使你获得更高的工作满意度。
知道你的4字母人格类型可以帮助你了解以下内容:
企业和组织使用人格类型的目的如下:
这一切都始于发掘你最适合的4字母人格类型。我们提供两种评估,帮助你开始发掘。
进行我们的免费人格测试(测试报告单独出售),但我们的评估将帮助你找出你的4字母类型代码是什么,这是免费的。它将告诉你16种模式中哪种最适合你,如果你的分数比较接近,它会提示哪些其他类型可能适合你。
因此,为了确认最适合你的类型,你可以阅读每种类型的描述。这叫作“最适合类型方法”。
在我们的网站上,你可以找到由该领域知名专家,包括琳达•贝伦斯博士、达里•奥纳迪博士和心理学博士房利美•R•林德撰写的完整的“16种类型的描述”。
我们还提供行业标准麦尔斯—布瑞格斯类型指标(MBTI®),我们会通过电话进行完整的解释说明。只有经过培训和认证的人可以提供麦尔斯—布瑞格斯测试。我们经过培训和认证,有资格从事此活动。
(3)价值观和职业 “价值观”即你的核心价值,是你认为对你最重要的事情。你的价值观就是你会愿意去争取的东西。这并不是说我在建议你变得粗暴。
你的价值观会告诉你什么是对的还是错的,好的或是坏的。
价值观是你人格的核心部分。有些价值会在你的人生保持不变,而其他价值会随着你人生经验的积累发生改变。
如果有人冒犯了你,或者你认为这是件非常错误的事情,那就是你的价值观在说话。
(顺便说一句,你的价值观可以通过广告、媒体、宣传、同行压力和造谣被人操纵。)
要想有一个很棒的职业,并且在生活中与他人相处融洽,你就得知道你的价值观是什么。
例如,这里是一些我个人的价值观:
•诚实、正直 •努力工作 •成功 •照顾家庭 •帮助他人 •别人愿意信赖我 •用我愿意的方式,自由地做我的事 •拥有想工作就工作的自由 •不断学习,获取新知识 •和行业专家共事 •交拥有类似的兴趣和价值观的朋友 •拥有创造表达的机会
你可能没有机会发现你的个人价值观是什么。因此,了解你的价值将是令人兴奋的。
我们的价值就藏在我们正常认知水平下面。有些人非常清楚自己的价值观,而其他人没有花太多的时间在研究他们的价值观上。
我们在职业生涯规划使用价值观的原因是,你的年纪越大,工作和职业的满意度越取决于你的价值观。
当你刚开始你的职业生涯时,价值观通常不是问题。25年的年轻人更注重第一份职业的胜利,并取得一些成功。25岁时,价值观通常不是问题。
但随着年龄的增长,尤其是当你过了35岁,接近40岁时,你的价值观变得愈发重要。接着很有可能你的工作场所、你的同事和你的老板都将挑战你的个人价值观。
例如,你要接受一个华尔街高层的工作,在那儿,贪婪被认为是正常的,无论谁受到伤害,或者整个世界经济陷入衰退危机,赚尽可能多的钱都是是主要目的。
很多人的价值观都认为,你不应该做伤天害理的事情,或者你不应该吞噬人们的退休金和储蓄,或者不应该通过取消抵押品赎回权,导致几十万人失去家园。
因此,如果这些事情使你困扰,那么这就是你的价值观在发言,你可能不希望在华尔街工作。
但有些人并不拥有这些价值观。有些人认为,只要他们能获得胜利,破坏其他人的生活无所谓。他们的价值观在于获胜,在于以己为先。
曾经有位职业咨询客户告诉我,他所关心的是赚尽可能多的钱越好,他不在乎他做的是什么事。我直接告诉他去华尔街。我认为这比做一个银行抢劫犯或毒贩更安全。至少没人会遭枪击。
你会找到一些工作场所的冲突没这么极端的例子。也许你的工作需要你卖产品给不需要它的人,但你必须得赚佣金。所以,无论如何,你都要卖给他们。价值观冲突最终使你无法容忍,你会选择转行。
了解价值观最好的方式是使用我们的职业价值观卡。 诺德尔™职业价值观卡分类(在线版本)
(4)技巧和能力 技巧就是完成某项任务的能力。我们所有人都有技巧。
关键在于知道你有什么技巧。
你的工作经验越多,这就越难。我知道有几个人可以在工作中做许多不同的事情,但他们无法专注于能使他们最成功和最满意的技巧。因此,他们四处碰壁,从未领先。他们对此非常沮丧。
这就是诺德尔动机技巧卡分类的设计目的。它能帮你识别你的技巧,
不仅如此,它可以帮助你将你喜欢使用的技能、擅长的技能好时和其他的技能区分开。
它会告诉你什么是你的动机技能(你善于和喜欢的技能)。
它会告诉你什么是你的倦怠技能(你厌倦使用的技能)。
它会告诉你什么是你的可发展技能(你希望改进的技能)。
由此,你可以识别出你的可迁移技能。这些是你可以带到其它工作上、希望在简历(CV)上强调的技能。
这很有趣,易于使用,并且只需要几分钟的时间。
(5)区分物是使你与众不同的东西吗? 最后一步是关于你了解你和他人有什么不同,是什么让你与众不同。
如果你走进一个房间,里面有99位和你年龄性别相同的人,所有人都是随机选择的,你可以列出有多少和他们显著不同的地方?
你有没有一些房间里其他人可能没有的天赋?
你有没有其他人可能没有的工作经验?
你有没有其他人可能没有的特殊知识或能力?
有没有什么事情,你在比大多数人做的好很多?
例如,你也许会说:
知道你是和他人有什么不同,这是选择最适合你的工作5个关键因素之一。
区分,或知道某样东西有什么不同,这实际上是营销101课教授的主题。
为了让人们购买产品,营销人员会重点关注他们的产品和其它产品有和不同。推销产品就像推销自己一样,你告诉人们你和他人有什么不同,在哪些地方你比他人更好。
在听汽车电视广告时,你就能发现他们是如何区分的。你会听到商家会这样介绍自己的汽车:最安全、速度最快、最佳燃油效率、最大驾驶乐趣、最安静、最酷、最豪、最舒适等等。这在你身上也是一样的。你要知道你和房间里其他99人有何不同。
我不想让你和你一起工作的人,或你们这一级的人进行比较,因为如果你和同事或校友比较,你们的共同点比不同点更多。工作场所和教室往往吸引拥有相同技能、能力和知识的人。因此,和房间里99位随机选择的陌生人进行比较。
以下“是什么使你与众不同工作表”是免费的,但你只有在已经探索了上面所述的其他工具后,才可做这一练习。那些工具将刺激你——为你提供认识你的视角和想法,帮助你为这一练习做准备。
The 5 Keys To Achieving Job SatisfactionAfter years of managing people, coaching them on the job, guiding them in their careers, and learning from the world’s foremost career gurus, I can now confidently share with you, the 5 keys to achieving JOB SATISFACTION:
1.Interest – What work can you become passionate about
2.Personality Type – How your brain is wired
3.Values – What your personal priorities in life are
4.Skills – Your abilities, talents, and aptitudes
5.Differentiators – What makes you different and special
1) Interest – What Careers Will You Be Passionate About Doing things that you can be passionate about and excited about is probably the most important key to creating the perfect career for yourself.
When you enjoy the tasks and the type of work you do, then it really does not feel like work at all. For example, the work I do is something that I am extremely passionate about. I typically work 6 1/2 days a week from morning till night and I still love it. I go to sleep thinking about what I can achieve tomorrow. When I wake up I can’t wait to get started working. But this is a career that I created from scratch after some serious soul searching. There were no job postings for what I do, and no role models that I knew of at the time.
Not everyone needs to build a career from scratch, to create something out of nothing. Most people just need to pick the right career from a wide range of already existing careers.
It takes about 10,000 hours of practice and experience to become really good at something. That’s about 5 to 8 years. Thus to become really good at a career, you have to like it enough to put in that kind of time and effort.
How do you know what types of work will interest you? Well, trial and error works, but it takes a long time – like several years. Fortunately there are tests (assessments) you can take that will help you identify careers that you could become passionate about. These assessments only take 20 minutes.
The two interest based career tests (career assessments) listed below will give you career ideas that match what you are interested in. They will give you lists of careers that match your interests. And they will show you which careers you might want to avoid.
Both assessments are based on the pioneering work of Dr. John Holland who developed the RIASEC system for understanding the different types of work. Both assessments will describe the RIASEC system, so I won’t cover that here.
Both assessments will give you your Holland Code which is a 2 to 3 letter code indicating which types of careers you are most interested in.
Once you know your Holland Code you can look at any career and decide if it might be a good fit for you.
By the way, there is no career test that will tell you the one single career that is most perfect for you. It doesn’t happen that way. Instead, you start with a list of matching careers. You narrow down the list to your top few choices and then you research those choices.
The Career Interest Test (CiT®)
The Strong Interest Inventory®
Which Interest Assessment Is Best For You? Quite frankly, some people like the CiT for it’s simplicity and for the instructions about how to research careers and how to make your final career decision.
Other people prefer the Strong, for it’s data, charts and statistics.
2) What Does “Personality” Have To Do With Your Career? When you first hear the term “Personality Type,” it may conjure up images of “TV personalities” or who was most popular in high school or who had a great personality. But that’s not what we are talking about.
“Personality Type” is the popular term for Psychological Type which describes how our brains are wired, how our brains function, what each of our brains is good at, and how we prefer to do things and go about our lives.
Personality type is one of the most useful tools there is for selecting the right career, and for developing self awareness.
Part of what makes personality type so valuable in selecting a career is that there is over 70 years of research showing which personality types fit which careers.
Just go to Amazon.com and search for “Personality Type.” There are over 200 good books on the subject of Type.
Although the original personality type theory was developed by Swiss Psychologist Carl Jung in the 1920’s, it was Myers and Briggs who devised the 4 letter personality type code which has become so popular today. Their original motivation was to understand why certain personality types fit certain jobs better than other types.
They did much of their work during WWII when it was hard to fill all the jobs left open when the soldiers went off to war. So Myers and Briggs wanted a system where they could observe and assess people and then suggest jobs where they might want to work.
So What Is This Personality Type Stuff All About? There are 16 fundamentally different patterns to how people use their Cognitive Functions. That is, how they see the world, how they think, how they make decisions, and how they prefer to go about their lives.
I like to think of each of these 16 personality types as a small computer program running in the back of our minds. We each have one. It describes how we naturally like to behave. It does not have the final say. We can always over ride it. But it’s there all the time guiding our behavior minute to minute.
Most amazingly, your 4 letter personality type stays the same throughout your life. Even as you develop and mature your 4 letter type stays constant.
There are very few things in life that are constant and that you can depend on for so many years. Thus it pays to spend a little time to figure out what your type is and the types of the people around you.
A Disclaimer Personality type is not an exact science. It can sometimes be hard to determine which of the 16 type patterns fits a person the best.
Life experiences, education, work environment and child hood upbringing all play a role in adjusting our “learned behavior” which rides on top of our core personality type. So it can take some effort to drill down past our learned behavior to each person’s core personality type.
Does This Mean That With Over 7 Billion People On The Planet, There Are Only 16 Personality Types?
Yes. With over 7 billion people on this planet, there are obviously over 7 billion unique personalities. But, if you drill down to the core of each of these people, they are all running on one of the 16 personality types programs. No kidding.
How can that be? Because Carl Jung discovered that these cognitive functions are the basic building blocks in our brains. We all have these cognitive functions. What varies person to person is how much we can use each one. Plus, when you add the learned behavior that we get from life experiences, you can get 7+ billion unique personalities, all of which are running on one of the 16 basic programs.
It does not matter whether you were born in China, India, Canada, the UK or the USA. You still have one of these 16 types at your core.
But I Don’t Believe You – I Am Skeptical For many years, Personality Type was only a theory backed up by lots of research and observable data. But there had been no physical proof. However, since 2000, that has changed. Researchers have discovered links between each of the 16 personality types and concentrations of neuro chemicals in the brain. So each personality type will have a slightly different brain chemistry in each section of the brain, compared to the other types.
But the proof goes beyond that. In his 2011 book “Neuroscience of Personality”, researcher Dr. Dario Nardi at UCLA has shown that by attaching EEG electrodes to test subjects heads, that each of the 16 personality types use sections of their brains in a pattern that is different from the way the other 15 types use their brain.
3) Your Values and Your Career To have a great career, and to get along well with others in life, you really want to know what your values are.
You may not have had the opportunity to discover what your personal values are. So getting to know your values will be exciting.
Our values lie just below our normal level of awareness. Some people know their values very well, while others have not spent much time looking at their values.
The reason we use values in career planning is that job and career satisfaction depend on your values especially the older you become.
Many people have a value that says you should not do something that hurts a lot of people, or you should not do something that wipes out people’s retirement and savings, or you should not do something that causes hundreds of thousands of people to lose their homes through foreclosure.
You will find less extreme examples of conflicting values in the workplace. Perhaps your job requires you to sell a product to someone who really doesn’t need it, yet you have to earn your commissions. So you sell to them anyway. That conflict in values will eventually become too much for you to tolerate and you will change jobs.
The best way to start learning what your values are is to use our Career Values Card.
4) Skills and Abilities Skills are the ability to perform certain tasks. We all have skills.
The trick is to identify and name your skills.
The more work experience you have, the harder this is. I know several people who do can do so many different things at work, that they are unable to focus on the skills that will make them the most successful and the most satisfied. Thus they spend their time bouncing around and never getting ahead. They are very frustrated by this.
That’s what the Knowdell Motivated Skills Card Sort was designed for. It helps you identify your skills.
But it goes way beyond that. It helps you separate out the skills you love using and are good at, from all the other skills you have.
It will show you what your Motivated Skills are (skills you are good at and you enjoy).
It will show you what your Burnout Skills are (skills you are tired of using).
It will show you your Developmental Skills (skills you want to improve).
From this, you can identify your Transferable Skills. These are the skills that you can take from job to job. These are the skills you want to highlight on your resumé (CV).
It’s fun and easy to use, and it only takes a few minutes.
Knowdell Motivated Skills Card Sort (online version)
5) Your Differentiators Are What Makes You Unique? This last step is about how you are different and what makes you unique.
If you walked into a room with 99 other people of the same age and gender as you, all randomly selected, how many things can you list where you would be significantly different from them?
Do you have any gifts that stand out that probably would not be found in that room?
Do yo have any work experience the others might not have?
Do you have any special knowledge or abilities those others might not have?
Is there something you are much better at than most people?
Knowing how you are different is one of the 5 keys to putting yourself in the best possible career.
Differentiation, or knowing how something is different, is actually a subject that is taught in Marketing 101 classes.
In order to get people to buy a product, marketers focus on identifying how their product is different from all the rest. You promote a product just like you promote yourself by telling people how you are different and how you are better than the others.
The “What Makes You Different Worksheet” that follows is free, but you should only do this after you have explored the other tools described above. Those tools will prime the pump – give you insights and ideas about yourself- and prepare you for this exercise. (责任编辑:职场达人) |