UX设计师要拥有的重要技能(9)

There IS information out there, however, if you are willing to seek for it. How a designer can get to the 5–7 years professional experience and STILL not have more than basic experience in user research is sad to me. The good news for YOU though is that if you’re willing to seek and practice user research skills, it will DRASTICALLY set you apart from the pack.

然而，如果你愿意去寻找的话，外面还是有挺多信息可以学习的。一个5-7年的设计师能有很专业的经验，但在用户研究方面仍然没有达到基本的水准，这让我感到悲哀。不过对你来说，好消息是，如果你愿意寻求和实践用户研究技能，它将彻底使你脱颖而出。

There are two main types of user research: Generative and Evaluative. Generative research is all about discovery and ensuring we’re solving the right problem(both from a user and business perspective).Evaluative research is focused on validating if we’ve made progress towards the solution to the problem we agreed to solve.

用户研究主要有两种类型：生成型和评价型。

1、生成型研究是关于发现和确保我们正在解决的问题是正确的问题（从用户和商业的角度）。

2、评价型研究的重点是验证我们是否在解决我们都想解决的问题方面取得了进展。

Within each type of user research there are many different user research methods. If you can become familiar with and gain experience with the most used in each category, you will be in the top 5% of candidates for any UX job at virtually any company big or small. If you can get to the point where you understand when to use each one, that will put you even higher.

在每种类型的用户研究中都有许多不同的用户研究方法，如果你能熟悉并获得每个类别中使用最多技巧的经验，你将成为任何大公司或小公司中用户体验工作者前5% 的候选人。如果你能够明白什么时候该使用哪个技巧，那么这会让你的成绩更高。

Here are some of the most common user research methods broken out by type.

下面是一些最常见的用户研究方法，按类型分类。

（1）GENERATIVE

生成型调研

·Clickstream analysis
·Confidence level calculations
·Contextual inquiry
·Customer feedback
·Data mining/analysis
·Diary/camera studies
·Email surveys
·Ethnographic studies
·Focus groups
·Intercept studies
·Open card sorting
·Participatory design
·Stakeholder interviews
·True intent studies
·User interviews
·Visual analytics

·置信度计算
·关联性调查
·客户反馈
·数据挖掘 / 分析
·日记 / 相机研究
·电子邮件调查
·人种学研究
·焦点小组
·截获式研究
·开放式卡片分类
·参与式设计
·利益相关者的访谈
·真实意图研究
·用户访谈

视觉分析

（2）EVALUATIVE

评价型调研

·5-second tests
·A/B testing
·Closed card sorting
·Confidence level calculations
·Eye tracking studies
·Paper prototype tests
·Usability Benchmarking
·Usability testing (in lab)
·Usability testing (moderated remote)
·Usability testing (unmoderated remote)
·5秒钟的测试
·A / b 测试
·封闭式卡片分类
·置信度计算
·眼球追踪研究
·纸张原型测试
·可用性基准测试
·可用性测试(实验室)
·可用性测试(主导型测试)
·可用性测试(非主导型的远程)

One other area within user research that I often find lacking in many interviewees is experience actually planning user research initiatives ahead of time. This has a few benefits:

我发现许多受访者缺乏的另一个用户研究领域是规划用户研究计划的经验，提前规划有一些好处:

·It helps you clearly focus on the most important things you want to learn.
·它可以帮助你专注于你想学习的最重要的事情。
·It improves the effectiveness and actionability of insights you gain
·它提高了你获得洞察力的有效性和可行性。
·It puts the investment required on the company’s part into clear terms a business leader can understand (which helps both get budget approval and with tracking ROI after research completion)
·它将公司的投资转化为商业领导人可以理解的清晰内容(这有助于获得预算批准，并在研究完成后跟踪 ROI)
·It allows all employees to be on the same page going in (which can drastically help with note taking and data aggregation afterwards)
·它帮助所有员工都在同一个节奏上进行(这对随后的笔记整理和数据聚合都有很大帮助)

THE SOLUTION

解决方案

If you’ve never set out to write a formal usability test plan before, it can seem daunting. It really is quite easy, though. You just have to think through what you want to accomplish, how you plan to accomplish it, and who will be a part of the research (pro tip: it is much easier and much more effective to take a cross-functional group). My process (D.E.C.I.S.I.O.N.) is outlined below。

（责任编辑：晨鸿）